The dataset of runoff plot observations was obtained in the Binggou watershed foci experimental area from Jun. 19 to Oct. 17, 2008. The runoff plot (38°03′, 100°13′, 3472m, with a slope of 20.16°) was 10m long, 5m wide and 80cm deep, with soil depth about 50cm and sandy clay and gravels beneath (50-80cm). The main vegetation type is scrub (about 20cm high) and grass (about 3cm high). Observation items included the surface flow, interflow (80cm down the land surface), and precipitation at a fixed point at the right of the runoff plot. One subfolder and two data files (directions on data observations and raw data) were archived.
LI Hongyi, LI Zhe, BAI Yunjie, XIN Bingjie
The dataset of runoff measuring weir observations at the hydrological section was obtained in the Pailugou watershed foci experiment area during two full years from Oct. 2006 to Oct. 2008. The ice flow measurement and the container aet were used manually. The measurement was carried out every five days from Oct. 2006 to Apr. 2007, three times a day from May to Sep. 2007, every five days from Oct. 2007 to Apr. 2008, once a day from May to Sep. 2008, and every five days during Oct. 2008. Data were archived in Excel format.
WANG Shunli, LUO Longfa, JING Wenmao, WANG Rongxin, ZHANG Xuelong, NIU Yun
The dataset includes channel flow measured at the second irrigation stage in spring (22 May, 2012), the third irrigation stage in spring (18 June, 2012) and the first irrigation stage in autumn (16 July, 2012). The time used in this dataset is in UTC+8 Time. 1.1 Objective of measurement Objective of measuring channel flow are to provide the conference data for irrigation water optimal allocation model according to obtain reality water volume measured at Dou channel and Mao channel. Data set also is used to reference data for other observations such as eddy, biophysical parameters. 1.2 Observation measures and principle Measures: flow meter named Flowatch, which is made in Switzerland, observation precision: 0.1m/s; and rule, observation of which is 1cm. Principle: Flowatch, which is mechanical-based, is used to compute the velocity of the fluid according to vanes speed. The flow of channels is computed by using observed flow velocity and channel sectional area calculated on the basis of channel engineer sectional parameters and water level. 1.3 Observation location and items Observation spots include Yingyi branch San dou (Liu She, Shang’er She, and Xia’er She of Shiqiao village), Si Dou (Qi She, Ba She, and Jiu She of Shiqiao village), and Wu Dou (Yi She of Shiqiao village) at Yingke irrigation district, and seven Mao channels branched from five star branch channel Si Dou San Nong. Observation time is described as followed: Second stage irrigation in summer: 2012-5-22: Si Dou, Yingyi branch channel: Jiu She (Shiqiao village) 2012-5-23: Si Dou, Yingyi branch channel: Ba She (Shiqiao village) 2012-5-24 to 2012-5-25: Si Dou, Yingyi branch channel: Qi She (Shiqiao village) 2012-5-26 to 2012-5-28: Wu Dou, Yingyi branch channel: Yi She (Shiqiao village) 2012-5-28 to 2012-5-29: San Dou, Yingyi branch channel: Xia’er She (Shiqiao village) 2012-5-29 to 2012-5-30: San Dou, Yingyi branch channel: Shang’er She (Shiqiao village) 2012-5-30 to 2012-6-2: San Dou, Yingyi branch channel: Liu She (Shiqiao village) 2012-6-6: Yi Mao, Er Mao, San Mao, Si Mao, and Wu Mao branched from Five star branch channel Si Dou San Nong: Five star village 2012-6-7: Liu Mao, and Qi Mao branched from Five star branch channel Si Dou San Nong: Five stars village Third stage irrigation in summer: 2012-6-18 to 2012-6-19: Si Dou, Yingyi branch channel: Jiu She (Shiqiao village) 2012-6-19 to 2012-6-20: Si Dou, Yingyi branch channel: Ba She (Shiqiao village) 2012-6-20 to 2012-6-21: Si Dou, Yingyi branch channel: Qi She (Shiqiao village) 2012-6-22 to 2012-6-24: Wu Dou, Yingyi branch channel: Yi She (Shiqiao village) 2012-6-24 to 2012-6-26: San Dou, Yingyi branch channel: Xia’er She (Shiqiao village) 2012-6-26 to 2012-6-27: San Dou, Yingyi branch channel: Shang’er She (Shiqiao village) 2012-6-27 to 2012-6-30: San Dou, Yingyi branch channel: Liu She (Shiqiao village) 2012-7-1 to 2012-7-2: Yi Mao, Er Mao, San Mao, Si Mao, Wu Mao, Liu Mao, and Qi Mao branched from Five star branch channel Si Dou San Nong: Five stars village First stage irrigation in Autumn: 2012-7-16 to 2012-7-18: Si Dou, Yingyi branch channel: Jiu She (Shiqiao village) 2012-7-18 to 2012-7-19: Si Dou, Yingyi branch channel: Ba She (Shiqiao village) 2012-7-19 to 2012-7-21: Si Dou, Yingyi branch channel: Qi She (Shiqiao village) 2012-7-21 to 2012-7-24: Wu Dou, Yingyi branch channel: Yi She (Shiqiao village) 2012-7-24 to 2012-7-25: San Dou, Yingyi branch channel: Xia’er She (Shiqiao village) 2012-7-25 to 2012-7-27: San Dou, Yingyi branch channel: Shang’er She (Shiqiao village) 2012-7-27 to 2012-7-31: San Dou, Yingyi branch channel: Liu She (Shiqiao village) 2012-7-27 to 2012-7-28: Yi Mao, Er Mao, San Mao, Si Mao, Wu Mao, Liu Mao, and Qi Mao branched from Five star branch channel Si Dou San Nong: Five stars village Second stage irrigation in Autumn: 2012-8-8 to 2012-8-9: Si Dou, Yingyi branch channel: Jiu She (Shiqiao village) 2012-8-9 to 2012-8-10: Si Dou, Yingyi branch channel: Ba She (Shiqiao village) 2012-8-10 to 2012-8-12: Si Dou, Yingyi branch channel: Qi She (Shiqiao village) 2012-8-13 to 2012-8-15: Wu Dou, Yingyi branch channel: Yi She (Shiqiao village) 2012-8-15 to 2012-8-17: San Dou, Yingyi branch channel: Xia’er She (Shiqiao village) 2012-8-17 to 2012-8-19: San Dou, Yingyi branch channel: Shang’er She (Shiqiao village) 2012-8-19 to 2012-8-22: San Dou, Yingyi branch channel: Liu She (Shiqiao village) 2012-8-24 to 2012-8-25: Yi Mao, Er Mao, San Mao, Si Mao, Wu Mao, Liu Mao, and Qi Mao branched from Five star branch channel Si Dou San Nong: Five stars village Observed items: average flow velocity of channel (m/s), water level of channel (m), water temperature (℃), engineer sectional parameters of channel (investigation). Average flow velocity and water level of channel are measured one time per hour when channel flow is stable. However, the two items are measured two times or more times when channel flow is unstable. 1.4 Data process Observed data is saved in excel sheet, types of which include channel flow velocity, channel sectional area, water level, and water temperature. Channel flow and irrigation water volume are calculated by using observed data according to data per-process approach.
GE Yingchun, MA Chunfeng, Xu Fengying, LI Xin
Based on the meteorological data of 105 meteorological stations in and around the Qinghai Tibet Plateau from 1980 to 2019, the National Meteorological Science Data Center of China Meteorological Administration (CMA) was established. By calculating the oxygen content, it is found that there is a significant linear correlation between oxygen content and altitude, y = - 0.0263x + 283.8, R2 = 0.9819. Therefore, the oxygen content distribution map can be calculated based on DEM data grid. Due to the limitation of the natural environment in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, there are few related fixed-point observation institutions. This data can reflect the distribution of oxygen content in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau to a certain extent, and has certain reference significance for the research of human living environment in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
HE Xiaobo, ZHANG Jian, NING Tianxiang, HUANG Xiaoming, JIANG Heng, LIU Shaomin, LI Xin
The dataset of regimen change statistics was obtained at the hydrological section of the Dayekou watershed reservoir from Jan. 1, 2007 to May 23, 2008. Ten days observations were carried out from Oct. 21, 2007 to Apr. 11, 2008, and diurnal observations from Apr. 15 to Oct. 21, 2007, and from Apr. 16 to May 23, 2008. Data record fields included: inflow (m^3/s), water level (m), impoundment (ten thousand m^3/s), outflow (m^3/s), ten days mean inflow (m^3/s), ten days mean outflow (m^3/s), monthly mean inflow (m^3/s), and monthly mean outflow (m^3/s).
MA Mingguo
The dataset includes two parts that are: 1) channel flow, crop pattern, field management, and socio-economy data measured at super-station in 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012 (UTC+8), respectively. 2) irrigation data, crop pattern, and socio-economy data investigated at Daman irrigation district and Yingke irrigation district, respectively. 1.1 Objective of investigation Objectives of investigation for two parts data are to obtain crop pattern and irrigation water volume change with time, and to supply parameter for irrigation water optimal allocation model. 1.2 Investigation spots and items Investigation spots include six water management stations that are Dangzhai, Hua’er, Daman, Xiaoman, Jiantan, and Ershilidun, respectively, at Daman irrigation district. Investigation items comprise water allocation time, branch channel inflow, Dou channel inflow, irrigation area, channel water use efficiency, water price, and water fee. Investigation time is described as followed: 2012.03.16 to 2012.04.04, Spring irrigation; 2012.04.04 to 2012.05.14, Summer irrigation; 2012.05.20 to 2012.06.24, Summer irrigation; 2012.05.16 to 2012.07.06, Summer irrigation; 2012.07.15 to 2012.08.02, Autumn irrigation; 2012.08.10 to 2012.08.26, Autumn irrigation. Investigation spots include eight water management station that are Chang’an, Shangqin, Dangzhai, Liangjiadun, Shimiao, Xiaoman, Xindun, and Yangou, respectively, at Yingke irrigation district. Investigation time and items is described as followed: Year Data items Spots 2008, 2010, 2011 Irrigation data: Irrigation time, water level of Dou channel, channel flow, irrigation area Xiaoman county, Shangtouzha village 2012 Irrigation data: Irrigation time, water level of Dou channel, channel flow, irrigation area Chang’an, Shangqin, Dangzhai, Liangjiadun, Shimiao, Xiaoman, Xindun, Yangou 2012 Well data: Well deep, groundwater abstraction, irrigation area Chang’an, Liangjiadun, Shangqin 2012 Socio-economy data: population, agricultural income, un-agricultural income, water use for living, average residential area, education Chang’an, Xiaoman, Liangjiadun, Shangqin 2012 Field management: fertilizer name, fertilization time, fertilization rate, pesticide name, pesticide rate, time Chang’an, Xiaoman, Liangjiadun, Shangqin 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012 Crop pattern: crop name, seed time, harvest time, crop area, irrigation quota, field water use efficiency, crop yield, crop production value Xiaoman, Chang’an, Liangjiadun, Shangqin 1.3 Data collection Data was collected by cooperating with water management department of Yingke and Daman.
GE Yingchun, Xu Fengying, LI Xin
Data overview: This set of data mainly includes perennial River, seasonal river, river trunk, surface main channel, surface branch channel and other water system conditions in the Heihe River Basin. The data base year is 2009. Data preparation process: obtained from 1:100000 topographic map and 2009 TM remote sensing image digitization. Data content description: the data mainly has three important attributes, namely, grade, GB and name. The river classification is based on the Strahler classification method, and the final level of the main stream reaches seven levels. River coding is based on the national basic geographic information element dictionary. The standard of basic geographic information element data dictionary is adopted.
National Basic Geographic Information Center
The data set includes the observation data of river water level and velocity at No. 4 point in the dense observation of runoff in the middle reaches of Heihe River from January 1 to June 25, 2014. The observation point is located in Heihe bridge, Shangbao village, Jing'an Township, Zhangye City, Gansu Province. The riverbed is sandy gravel with unstable section. The longitude and latitude of the observation point are n39 ° 03'53.23 ", E100 ° 25'59.31", with an altitude of 1431m and a width of 58m. In 2012, hobo pressure type water level gauge was used for water level observation with acquisition frequency of 30 minutes; since 2013, sr50 ultrasonic distance meter was used with acquisition frequency of 30 minutes. The data description includes the following parts: For water level observation, the observation frequency is 30 minutes, unit (CM); the data covers the period from January 1, 2014 to June 25, 2014; for flow observation, unit (M3); for flow monitoring according to different water levels, the water level flow curve is obtained, and the runoff change process is obtained based on the observation of water level process. The missing data is uniformly represented by string-6999. Refer to Li et al. (2013) for hydrometeorological network or station information and he et al. (2016) for observation data processing.
HE Xiaobo, LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, XU Ziwei
The No. 1 hydrological section is located at 213 Heihe River Bridge (38°54′43.55″ N, 100° 20′41.05″ E, 1546 m a.s.l.) in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin, Zhangye, Gansu Province. The dataset contains observations from the No.1 hydrological section from 13 June, 2012, to 24 November, 2012. This section consists of two river sections, i.e., the east section is marked as No. 1 and the west section is marked as No. 2. The width of this section is 330 meters. This section consists of a gravel bed; the cross-sectional area is unstable because of human factors. The water level was measured using SR50 ultrasonic range and the discharge was measured using cross-section reconnaissance by the StreamPro ADCP. The dataset includes the following sections: Water level (recorded every 30 minutes) and Discharge. The data processing and quality control steps were as follows: 1) The water level data which collected from the hydrological station were averaged over intervals of 10 min for a total of 144 records per day. The missing data were denoted by -6999. 2) Data out the normal range records were rejected. 3) Unphysical data were rejected. For more information, please refer to Liu et al. (2016) (for multi-scale observation experiment or sites information), He et al. (2016) (for data processing) in the Citation section.
ZHANG Jian, NING Tianxiang, HUANG Xiaoming, JIANG Heng, LIU Shaomin, LI Xin
The No. 2 hydrological section is located at 312 Heihe River Bridge (38°59′51.71″ N, 100° 24′38.76″ E, 1485 m a.s.l.) in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin, Zhangye, Gansu Province. The dataset contains observations from the No.2 hydrological section from 19 June, 2012, to 24 November, 2012. This section consists of two river sections, i.e., the east section is marked as No. 1 and the west section is marked as No. 2. The width of this section is 90 meters. This section consists of a gravel bed; the cross-sectional area is unstable because of human factors. The water level was measured using SR50 ultrasonic range and the discharge was measured using cross-section reconnaissance by the StreamPro ADCP. The dataset includes the following sections: Water level (recorded every 30 minutes) and Discharge. The data processing and quality control steps were as follows: 1) The water level data which collected from the hydrological station were averaged over intervals of 10 min for a total of 144 records per day. The missing data were denoted by -6999. 2) Data out the normal range records were rejected. 3) Unphysical data were rejected. For more information, please refer to Liu et al. (2016) (for multi-scale observation experiment or sites information), He et al. (2016) (for data processing) in the Citation section.
ZHANG Jian, NING Tianxiang, HUANG Xiaoming, JIANG Heng, LIU Shaomin, LI Xin
The data set includes the river level observation data of point 2 in the dense runoff observation of the middle reaches of Heihe River from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015. The observation point is located in Heihe bridge, 312 National Road, Zhangye City, Gansu Province. The riverbed is sandy gravel with unstable section. The longitude and latitude of the observation point are n38.996667 °, e100.427222 °, altitude 1485m, river width 70m and 20m. Sr50 ultrasonic range finder is used for water level observation, with acquisition frequency of 30 minutes. The data includes the following parts: Water level observation, observation frequency 30 minutes, unit (CM); In 2015, the section of bridge no.2-312 was frequently disturbed by human beings. The dam was built within 1km of the upstream and downstream of the section. The unstable area of the hydrological section led to the disorder of the water level and flow curve. During the measurement, the stable flow and water level curve could not be obtained. The observation of water level is based on the manual observation of water level at 0:00 on January 1, 2015. In the later stage, the hydrological section of river undercut changes. The result is that the datum water level changes and negative value appears; Refer to Li et al. (2013) for hydrometeorological network or station information, and he et al. (2016) for observation data processing
HE Xiaobo, LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, XU Ziwei
The dataset of dewfall measurements was obtained in the Linze station foci experimental area from 6 am to 7am and 7pm to 10pm. Two containers were used. One was the unsealed rectangle plastic condensate drain pan from May 26 to Jul. 28, 2008 (one time-continuous observation from Jun. 25 to 27 at intervals of 2 hours), and the other was the sealed and unsealed aluminum cases from Jun. 24 to Jul. 29, 2008 (two time-continuous observations from Jun. 25 to 27 and Jul. 19 to 20, respectively, both at intervals of 2 hours). Dewfall was weighed by G&G TC30K- H scales (accuracy: 1g) for the condensate drain pan and by electronic scales (accuracy: 0.1g) for the aluminum case.
BAI Yanfen, DING Songchuang, HAO Xiaohua, Qian Jinbo, SHU Lele, SONG Yi, WANG Yang, XU Zhen, ZHU Shijie
The No. 8 hydrological section is located at Gaotai Heihe River Bridge (39 ° 23′22 .93 ″ N, 99 ° 49′37 .29″ E, 1347 m a.s.l.) in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin, Zhangye, Gansu Province. The dataset contains observations from the No.8 hydrological section from 17 June, 2012, to 24 November, 2012. The width of this section is 130 meters. The water level was measured using SR50 ultrasonic range and the discharge was measured using cross-section reconnaissance by the StreamPro ADCP. The dataset includes the following sections: Water level (recorded every 30 minutes) and Discharge. The data processing and quality control steps were as follows: 1) The water level data which collected from the hydrological station were averaged over intervals of 10 min for a total of 144 records per day. The missing data were denoted by -6999. 2) Data out the normal range records were rejected. 3) Unphysical data were rejected. For more information, please refer to Liu et al. (2016) (for multi-scale observation experiment or sites information), He et al. (2016) (for data processing) in the Citation section.
HE Xiaobo, ZHANG Jian, NING Tianxiang, HUANG Xiaoming, JIANG Heng, LIU Shaomin, LI Xin
The data set includes the observation data of river water level and velocity at No.7 point in the dense observation of runoff in the middle reaches of Heihe River from January 1, 2015 to March 11, 2016. The sensor was abnormal at the end of 2014, and the commissioning was normal on March 25 after maintenance. The observation point is located in Heihe bridge, Pingchuan Township, Linze County, Zhangye City, Gansu Province. The riverbed is sandy gravel with unstable section. The longitude and latitude of the observation point are n39.331667 °, e100.099722 °, altitude 1375 meters, and channel width 130 meters. In 2015, sr50 ultrasonic distance meter was used for water level observation, with acquisition frequency of 30 minutes. Data description includes: Water level observation, observation frequency 30 minutes, unit (cm); The missing data are uniformly represented by the string -6999. For information of hydrometeorological network or station, please refer to Li et al.(2013), and for observation data processing, please refer to He et al.(2016).
LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, XU Ziwei
Zhangye basin mainly includes 20 irrigation areas. Under the restriction of water diversion, the surface water consumption of the irrigation area is under control, but the groundwater exploitation is increased, resulting in the groundwater level drop in the middle reaches, resulting in potential ecological environment risks. Due to the complex and frequent exchange of surface water and groundwater in the study area, it is possible to realize the overall water resource saving by optimizing the utilization ratio of surface water and groundwater in each irrigation area. In this project, on the premise of not changing the water demand of the middle reaches irrigation area, the two problems of maximizing the outflow of Zhengyi Gorge (given groundwater reserve constraint) and maximizing the outflow of Zhengyi Gorge (given groundwater reserve constraint) are studied.
ZHENG Yi
The No. 7 hydrological section is located at Pingchuan Heihe River Bridge (39 ° 20′2.03 ″ N, 100° 5′49.63″ E, 1375 m a.s.l.) in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin, Zhangye, Gansu Province. The dataset contains observations from the No.7 hydrological section from 13 June, 2012, to 24 November, 2012. The width of this section is 130 meters. The water level was measured using SR50 ultrasonic range and the discharge was measured using cross-section reconnaissance by the StreamPro ADCP. The dataset includes the following sections: Water level (recorded every 30 minutes) and Discharge. The data processing and quality control steps were as follows: 1) The water level data which collected from the hydrological station were averaged over intervals of 10 min for a total of 144 records per day. The missing data were denoted by -6999. 2) Data out the normal range records were rejected. 3) Unphysical data were rejected. For more information, please refer to Liu et al. (2016) (for multi-scale observation experiment or sites information), He et al. (2016) (for data processing) in the Citation section.
ZHANG Jian, NING Tianxiang, HUANG Xiaoming, JIANG Heng, LIU Shaomin, LI Xin
In the transition zone from Heihe River to desert oasis in Pingchuan oasis of Linze, soil texture, bulk density, field capacity, saturated capacity, soil organic matter, total nitrogen and inorganic carbon content of 118 plots were studied. PH value, conductivity, total carbon, SiC, C / N were monitored to determine the physical and chemical properties of 0-20cm arable soil, and the soil particle composition of 0-20cm and 20-80cm soil layers.
SU Yongzhong
In the transition zone from Heihe River to desert oasis in Pingchuan oasis of Linze, soil texture, bulk density, field capacity, saturated water capacity, soil organic matter, total nitrogen and inorganic carbon content were studied. PH value, electrical conductivity, total carbon, SiC and C / N were monitored to determine the physical and chemical properties of 0-20cm topsoil and the soil particle size composition of 0-20cm and 20-80cm soil layers. According to the soil properties of five different soil in cotton field, cotton irrigation experiment was carried out: irrigation amount, seed cotton yield, straw parameters, lint percentage, coat index, seed index, single boll weight, flower rate before frost, unit boll number, single boll weight, irrigation water productivity, etc.
SU Yongzhong
The data set includes the observation data of river water level and velocity at No. 6 point in the dense observation of runoff in the middle reaches of Heihe River from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014. The observation point is located in Gaoya National Hydrological Station, zhaojiatunzhuang, Ganzhou District, Zhangye City, Gansu Province. The riverbed is sandy gravel with stable section. The longitude and latitude of the observation point are n39 ° 08'06.35 ", E100 ° 25'58.23", 1420 m above sea level, and 50 m wide river channel. Hobo pressure water level gauge is used for water level observation, with acquisition frequency of 60 minutes. Data description includes the following two parts: Water level observation, 60 minutes in unit (cm) in 2014; Data covers the period of January 1, 2014 solstice December 31, 2014; Flow observation, unit (m3); According to the monitoring flow of different water levels, the flow curve of water levels was obtained, and the change process of runoff was obtained by observing the process of water levels.The missing data are uniformly represented by the string -6999. For information of hydrometeorological network or station, please refer to Li et al.(2013), and for observation data processing, please refer to He et al.(2016).
HE Xiaobo, LIU Shaomin, LI Xin, XU Ziwei
The output data of the distributed eco-hydrological model (GBEHM) of the upper reaches of the black river include the spatial distribution data series of 1-km grid. Region: upper reaches of heihe river (yingxiaoxia), time resolution: month scale, spatial resolution: 1km, time period: 2000-2012. The data include evapotranspiration, runoff depth and soil volumetric water content (0-100cm). All data is in ASCII format. See basan.asc file in the reference directory for the basin space range. The projection parameter of the model result is Sphere_ARC_INFO_Lambert_Azimuthal_Equal_Area.
YANG Dawen
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